What Does Political Legitimacy Of The State Of Nature

What justifies political legitimacy in a society? By comparing the two readings assigned one can discuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature and the state of war. As it is described, the state of nature refers to how men were made equal in the faculties of the body and mind. To quote, â€Å"As though there be found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body or of quicker mind than another; yet when all is reckoned together the difference between man, and man, is not so considerable, as that one man can thereupon claim to himself, as well as he.† Here, Hobbes is explaining his opinion on the meaning of the â€Å"state of nature† explaining that even though one may have a strength compared to another, it all is balanced out in the end. Each of us have our individual flaws and strength that constitute our character. Hobbes also notes, how humans inherently have a state of greed and savagery. The state of war in human existence is also examined in this article. Hobbes states, â€Å"And from this diffidence of o ne another, there is no wayShow MoreRelatedHobbes And Locke s Political Legitimacy1530 Words   |  7 PagesIn defining political legitimacy, many theorists put forth a distinct set of values that frame their view on the authorities’ right to rule and citizen’s obligation to follow. Theorists such as Hobbes and Locke, both of their account on political legitimacy might look quite similar at first glance, because each theorized about the nature of mankind and the right political systems that would meet the needs of individuals. However, in Hobbes’ perspective, political authority does not pre-exist in individual’sRead MoreThe Writings Of John Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau1596 Words   |  7 PagesJean Jacques Rousseau have had a significant impact on the controversy of what constitutes legitimate political power. They both believe in man’s natural mortality, and they also state that creating a social contract and legitimate government is necessa ry to avoid conflict. Both philosophers hold different perspectives and opinions, however they are both concerned with the same question: What renders exercises of a political power legitimate? Rousseau and Locke have several similarities within theirRead MorePolitical Legitimacy As Viewed By Thomas Hobbes Vs. Malcolm X1586 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical Legitimacy as viewed by Thomas Hobbes vs Malcolm X In â€Å"Leviathan,† Thomas Hobbes believes that citizens choose to obey a sovereign leader in return for security and protection to from violence, chaos and bloodshed that is mankind’s â€Å"state of nature.† In a Commonwealth, the body of people agree to submit to a sovereign head of state to rule with absolute power, for the common good of survival and protection, be it given willingly by compact, or by force through acquisition, as outlined inRead MoreNasty, Brutish, And Short By Thomas Hobbes Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagespoetic description of pre-political life that is invariably repeated in just about every political science program throughout the Western world. It is a phrase that motivates a strikingly persuasive argument for the solution of government. For Hobbes, this is the State of Nature, and thus the precursory basis for human politics. However, his pessimistic view of the State of Nature has been refuted by other men of great intellectual influe nce. Another giant in the world of political theory, John Locke,Read MoreHobbes And Malcolm X s Views On Political Legitimacy Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesshare several common ideas about political legitimacy. In this paper, I will argue that although both Hobbes and Malcolm X would agree that a government must provide protection for its citizens to be considered legitimate, Malcolm X extends that criteria to include provision of equal representation and benefits, as well as the ability for citizens to change or abolish government. First, I will discuss each of Hobbes and Malcolm X’s understandings of political legitimacy. Second, I will deduce how eachRead MoreThe Social Contract : Hobbes Vs. Rousseau1457 Words   |  6 Pages Rousseau Since the beginning of the modern age, governments and states have existed in order to maintain moral law. Essentially these institutions are for the greater good of humanity. However, little thought is ever given to how humans lived without governments. Each and every person in the modern age is born into a state, and becomes a part of that state regardless of their will. The concept that humans are born into a state is derived from the social contract. The social contract is a voluntaryRead MoreMachiavelli s The And Machiavellian Discourses1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe maintenance of a state requires the ability to act in accordance to the times. The Hobbesian and Machiavellian discourses in relation to the legitimacy of violence are distinct, nonetheless, bring forth significant arguments. Machiavelli claims that leaders ought to be good as long as the times permit, however, the leader with virtu ought to prepare to enter into evil when forced by necessity. Contrary to popular b elief, Machiavelli does not endorse violence, rather he provides advice to thoseRead MoreIs Democracy the Only Legitimate Form of Government?902 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment A legitimate state can be defined as â€Å"A state in which its citizens have little or no significant resistance to the public policy and leadership of the state in question due to the rightful/legitimate exercise of power.† This Legitimacy of state is often a hard term to apply to any form of government in the modern political world due to the very differing cultures between the western and eastern world. However the general consensus of many political leaders is democracy is the onlyRead MoreMorality, Justice, And Legitimacy1403 Words   |  6 Pagesmorality, justice, and legitimacy. In the readings present by both Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Friedrich Nietzsche the reader will be able to grasp the definition of Rousseau where he states that the only way in which Legitimate Political power is presented when they govern their citizens with consent and equality. Along with Nietzsche definition of justice they express similar concerns that come when States govern their citizens as well as explaining why other forms of legitimacy presented by other philosophersRead MoreEssay Hobbes and Goldman: The Good Life and Political Legitimacy939 Words   |  4 PagesThe nature of a good life and its relation to political legitimacy is a subject which both Thomas Hobbes and Emma Goldman examine in their writings. Hobbes claims that only basic survival is necessary to live a good life because ultimately life is more valuable than comfort. Goldman on the other hand claims that freedom is far more important than simply living and a good life can only be lived by someone who is free to do as they please. In order for a political theorist to understand how legitimate

Total Destruction Of The United States Economy - 2231 Words

Total destruction of the United States’ economy, this statement may sound outright ridiculous, but could be the outcome of the future. Oil has become the main resource consumed by the world, primarily used for generating electricity, household use and transportation. Due to oil being a non-renewable resource, inefficiency and over dependency will eventually drain the world of the fuel. Electric motors may lead the way in developing alternate energy for transportation combined with newer developments. With today’s fluctuating oil prices America’s current mode of transportation will meet its end; clean electric power would serve as a way to preserve America’s future. The liquid responsible for heating our homes and powering the†¦show more content†¦This number may comfort some, but there is still reason to be fearful. Ninety percent of Earth’s refined oil is burned through transportation, with the United States consuming 25 percent alone (Dav y par. 5, 6, 8). Collectively, factors will add up to devastating consequences later if change isn t pursued. Geophysicist M. King Hubbert confirmed, through a calculated formula, that oil production will increase to a peak in the year 2030, but will proceed to decline soon after until oil drains too far down to be economical to continue drilling or having the well run out entirely (Davy par. 3, 4, 6). The future remains unclear, unexpected events may occur leaving America in desperation as oil becomes sparse. Therefore, precautions must be made to alleviate the immediate fear of there being no oil to spare. Repercussions of burning oil have arisen more progressively. The debatable topic of global warming holds burning fossil fuels responsible for higher temperatures in colder climates. An article by World Book explains why oil is so harmful towards the environment. As more cars are produced more pollutants are released into the atmosphere, those pollutants cause smog in larger manufacturing oriented cities as well as, acid rain. Factories, burning oil, dispose of the remaining chemicals into bodies of water rendering them unsafe to drink for both humans and animals alike (Hunt par. 1). Another article produced through World Book describes the

Influence Media Has on Teens Free Essays

Influence Today’s Media Has on Teens Every day teens watch TV and see movies that glamorize violent and inappropriate behavior. On the covers of magazines are spray-tanned, models or celebrities that teens idolize. Physical appearance is exaggerated by the media, and is seen by teens, as more important than intellectual abilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence Media Has on Teens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Boys and girls between the ages of 13-18Teens feel that they need to be just as beautiful as the super models, or just as muscular as the professional athletes. I believe that the Media has a negative influence on teens; it promotes foul language, teen fights, and popularity contests. Some people believe that the Media is not the cause of the way teens look or act. They believe that the appearance and actions of teens is their choice. Media content may give violent youth a way to express their rage, but people believe that it does not actually cause that rage. While it is true that rage comes from a variety of things, teens look to magazines and TV for inspiration. Some teens even look at how to live their lives, instead of being unique individuals and living a life of their own. Magazines like People and OK are the main sources for celebrity information. The main reason teens read these magazines, is for the celebrity gossip. â€Å"Britney Spears shaves her head,† â€Å"Kourtney Kardashian, Pregnant Again! † Sadly, this is what teens read, and for most of them; especially girls, they are reading about their celebrity role models. If a teen is reading about someone they look up to and see that; for example, that person dyed their hair pink, chances are the teen might also dye their hair pink. Remember the phrase, â€Å"Monkey see, monkey do? † Well, that statement sums up the influence that magazine’s can have on teens. Reality television, like MTV’s popular shows â€Å"Jersey Shore† and â€Å"The Real World,† display violent/inappropriate behavior and foul language. Both shows are about guys and girls that have never met before, who all come together and live in the same house. These shows have a negative influence on teens because every episode that is aired features sexual content, the cast â€Å"partying hard† every night, and cast members being violent and disrespectful towards each other or other people. Shows that glamorize sexual promiscuity and reward selfish, scheming contestants, teach teens that these qualities and behaviors are desirable. The Media negatively influences teens and creates animosity amongst them. Teens are at a point in their lives where they are trying to discover who they are. To copy what they read in magazines and watch on TV comes a lot easier to them, rather than finding themselves on their own. If magazines and TV were to talk about more positive things and promote â€Å"average-looking† people, teens would be able to relate it to their own lives. (Miller, 2010) The topics of MTV’s reality shows portray inappropriate behavior and lifestyles. Nevertheless, it would be a great idea if teens shut out reality TV and gossip magazines from their lives. They would have a lot more free time to find themselves. Plus, there’s enough drama in high school as it is, they don’t need to be watching and reading about more. How to cite Influence Media Has on Teens, Essay examples

The Report Analysis on Transcultural Nursing and Intervention

Question: Discuss about the Report for Transcultural Nursing and Intervention for Jewish Patients. Answer: Transcultural nursing is one of the aspects of nursing that deals with people from various cultures. It focuses on the values and beliefs of different cultures and accordingly providing culturally appropriate healthcare services. Healthcare providers have to deal with people from different cultures having different treatment preferences. It poses a challenge to deal with them and take care of their preferences, especially in nursing where the nurses have to take care of the personal needs of a patient. So it becomes a matter of great importance for nurses to gain essential skills and knowledge in cultural competency (Pullen, 2014). In the present scenario of the healthcare industry, cultural understanding is very important for a healthcare provider to provide decent patient care. Knowing about the beliefs and cultural preferences of the patients allows the care provider to make the patients more comfortable with the physical surroundings. (Saver, 2007). Among the various patients from different cultural backgrounds, Jewish patients are one of those patients who require specific attention paid towards their cultural preferences. While dealing with the Jewish patients, it is important to have knowledge about the Jewish laws regarding the diet, purity, modesty, prayer and other religious likings. It is appropriate to ask the patients what their cultural concerns are, rather than making assumptions. If the patient is not able to speak for himself, share your queries with the family. However, if family of the patient is also not available to comment on the patients cultural practices, he should be assumed as strictl y traditional. Every family is different in terms of its cultural inclination; some of them strictly follow Jewish laws while others are flexible about their beliefs (Dosani, 2003). The foremost concern while dealing with a Jewish patient is food. Traditional Jews requires strictly kosher food. If the kitchen of the care facility does not have arrangements to provide such food then the food should be ordered from outside. The food should be served in wrapped and untouched containers. It is preferable if the patients themselves remove the wrappings. Another concern is the physical modesty. If a patient requires attention to his personal needs such as washing or bathing, it should be done by the person of same gender to the extent where it is possible. Also, the gown provided by the caring facility should be long enough to cover them sufficiently. However, exceptions can be made if there is a medical emergency. Shabbat is another concern that should be taken into consideration. If there are no imminent health risks then some Jewish patients may ask to postpone the treatments until after the day of Shabbat. Candle lighting is an important traditional feat during Sh abbat but the candle flames could pose a threat to the hospital environment; therefore electric bulbs simulating candle flames can be used. Praying is an important aspect of the Jewish life. A group of 10 persons known as minyan is required to perform certain religious obligations. Therefore, appropriate arrangements should be made for the Jewish patients to pray. Traditional Jews are very sensitive about their religious preferences and Jewish laws, so suitable arrangements should be made to meet the patients needs. However, in case of life-threatening situations theses Jewish laws could be violated to save a patients life (Abelson-Mitchell, 2005). Care plan As a nursing professional, one has to take care of various things while dealing with Jewish patients. There are certain health barriers that hinder the healthcare services (Ticehurst, 2010). So to overcome such barriers, nursing professionals have to make certain interventions. An overview of such intervention is listed below: Nursing Problem for a patient from Jewish culture Nursing Interventions Rational Food 1. The healthcare professionals should be very careful while providing food to the Jewish patient. The food should be made strictly in a kosher kitchen. If such food is unavailable, fruits can be given to the patients (Regenstein, Chaudry and Regenstein, 2003). Traditional Jews people strictly prefer Kosher diet that is prepared in accordance with their religious laws. 2. The food should be served in a container which has not been in contact of any non-kosher food. Therefore, sealed plastic containers should be given to the patients. According to the Jewish cultural, if a kosher food item comes in contact with a non-kosher food then it also becomes non-kosher and hence does not remain fit for consumption. Purity 3. Jewish patients should be dealt by the person of the same sex. The Jewish patients have certain cultural concerns while interacting with a person of opposite sex. Treatments such as changing their clothes or washing them by a person of opposite gender may offend them. So it is always advisable to have their consent prior following such course of action. Modesty 4. Patients should be provided clothing of appropriate length that could cover the patient sufficiently. Jewish people are highly conscious about covering themselves in public as per their religious laws. So the clothing given to them should ensure appropriate coverage of the patient. 5. The patients should be allowed to wear caps (males) or scarfs (females) during the prayer or all the times if the patient wishes so. Covering the head has a great importance in Jewish culture. Some women, after their marriage, do not expose their hair in public and uses a scarf to cover their heads. Prayer 6. Proper arrangements for praying should be made after consulting with a rabbi. Jewish patients usually offer their prayers 3 times in a day. Therefore, appropriate arrangements should be ensured. 7. If possible, a patient is allowed to pray with other Jewish patients or family members. A group of 10 people known as minyan is required to perform certain religious activities. So, they should be allowed to offer their prayers with other Jew people Shabbat 8. Patients should not be interrupted during the time of Shabbat until it is a dire emergency or life-threatening situation. Shabbat is the time when Jewish people restrain themselves from doing anything, even using electrical appliances. Their belief should be respected unless there is an emergency. Death, autopsy and burial 9. If a Jewish patient dies in the hospital, family members should be allowed to stay with the body all the time. Also, arrangements should be made to release the body as soon as possible. The Jewish people do not leave their relatives alone even in their death as a symbol of affection and respect for the dead. It is also directed by Jewish culture that burial happens as soon as possible. 10. If the death happens due to confirmed natural or medical cause, the autopsy of the body should be avoided. Jewish people sees autopsy as an act of disrespect and deforming of the body. So autopsy should be avoided until the death seems suspicious or of criminal nature (Williams, 2014). References: Abelson-Mitchell, N. (2005). Caring for Jewish Patients. J Adv Nurs, 51(5), pp.542-542. Dosani, S. (2003). Caring for Jewish Patients. BMJ, 327(7407), pp.169-169. Evans, C. (2005). Jewish Burial Traditions and the Resurrection of Jesus. Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus, 3(2), pp.233-248. Pullen, R. (2014). Communicating with patients from different cultures. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy!, 12(6), pp.6-8. Regenstein, J., Chaudry, M. and Regenstein, C. (2003). The Kosher and Halal Food Laws. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2(3), pp.111-127. Saver, C. (2007). Cultural competency benefits patients, therapists. Nursing, 37, pp.6-9. Ticehurst, A. (2010). Barriers to Design in Healthcare. Australasian Medical Journal, pp.570-579. Williams, E. (2014). The orthodox jewish patient: five things we should know. [online] Ausmed Education. Available at: https://www.ausmed.com.au/blog/entry/the-orthodox-jewish-patient-five-things-we-should-know-1 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016].